A technical reference on AI search visibility. This site sells nothing, takes no engagements and endorses no products. Consulting enquiries are handled separately at hartzer.com.

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Everything, in one list

Directory

Every page on this reference — 24 entity pages across two categories and 14 guides across three silos — with the evidence verdict for each.

Entity pages
PageCategoryEvidenceWhat it is
AI OverviewsAI Search SurfacesDocumentedGoogle's generated answer block inside Search
AI ModeAI Search SurfacesObservedGoogle's conversational search surface
ChatGPT searchAI Search SurfacesUnsupportedOpenAI's web retrieval layer inside ChatGPT
PerplexityAI Search SurfacesUnsupportedThe answer engine where citation is the product
GeminiAI Search SurfacesUnsupportedGoogle's answer app, outside Search and unreported
Microsoft CopilotAI Search SurfacesObservedBing-grounded answers with real publisher reporting
AI assistants and smaller enginesAI Search SurfacesUnsupportedClaude, Meta AI, DuckDuckGo, Brave and Grok
Generative Engine OptimizationTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedWhat GEO claims and what the evidence supports
Answer Engine OptimizationTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedWhether AEO is a discipline or a label
GEO vs AEO vs SEOTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedHow the three terms relate, overlap and differ
AI Citations and Source SelectionTechniques and SignalsObservedHow AI answers pick and credit their sources
Brand Mentions in AI SearchTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedWhether unlinked mentions move AI answers
Schema Markup for AI SearchTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedWhat structured data does and does not do
FAQ Markup and Answer ExtractionTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedThe markup is dead; the writing pattern is not
Content Chunking and Passage RetrievalTechniques and SignalsObservedRetrieval matches spans of text, not URLs
Entity Grounding and the Knowledge GraphTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedWhether being a known entity gets you cited
E-E-A-T Signals in AI SearchTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedA rater framework, carried into a silence
AI Crawler Directives and llms.txtTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedWhich tokens matter, and which file nobody reads
Retrieval-Augmented GenerationTechniques and SignalsDocumentedThe mechanism behind every cited AI answer
Query Fan-OutTechniques and SignalsDocumentedOne question, many searches, one answer
AI Visibility TrackingTechniques and SignalsObservedMeasuring whether AI answers cite or name you
AI Overview Rank TrackingTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedTracking presence and citation inside AI Overviews
Share of Voice in AI SearchTechniques and SignalsUnsupportedA borrowed fraction with no real denominator
AI Search Attribution and AnalyticsTechniques and SignalsObservedProving an AI answer sent the visit
Guides and pillar guides
PageSiloEvidenceWhat it is
Understanding AI searchUnderstanding AI SearchObservedWhat AI search is, how a generated answer is assembled, and how to read the studies that claim to measure it.
Optimizing for AI searchOptimizing for AI SearchDocumentedThe documented requirements for appearing in AI answers, and the widely sold tactics that failed replication.
Measuring AI search visibilityMeasuring AI Search VisibilityObservedWhat the platform reports contain, why one measurement is one draw from a distribution, and what a defensible AI visibility report discloses.
How AI search engines choose what to citeUnderstanding AI SearchObservedThe retrieve, use and cite decisions pulled apart, with what each platform documents and what four contradictory overlap studies actually measured.
What changed when AI Overviews launchedUnderstanding AI SearchDocumentedThe rollout dated from SGE onward, each publisher click study named with its sample and funder, and the numbers that get confused with each other.
Why AI search traffic behaves differentlyUnderstanding AI SearchObservedThe three things called AI traffic, what the large panels agree and disagree on, and why the direct-traffic gap is a mechanism without a magnitude.
How to Rank in AI OverviewsOptimizing for AI SearchObservedThe honest answer to the most-asked question in AI search: there is no separate ranking system, and what genuinely follows from that is narrower than most advice admits.
Structuring Content for Answer ExtractionOptimizing for AI SearchObservedThe markup died in May 2026 with no blog post. The editorial pattern it was confused with was never the same thing and never depended on schema.
Technical Requirements for AI CrawlersOptimizing for AI SearchDocumentedWhich user-agent token does what, which ones cost you visibility if you block them, and the one Google token that does not do what its name suggests.
AI Search Visibility for Law FirmsOptimizing for AI SearchUnsupportedAlmost nothing legal-specific about AI search has been independently measured. What the evidence supports, and what the advertising rules already cover.
How to track AI Overview visibilityMeasuring AI Search VisibilityObservedWhat can honestly be measured about an AI Overview citation, what Google has reported since June 2026, and how many samples a number needs before it means anything.
How to evaluate an AI visibility tracking toolMeasuring AI Search VisibilityUnsupportedWhat a tool in this category can and cannot answer, why two honest tools disagree about the same brand, and the disclosures a number needs before it belongs in a report.
What AI search analytics can and cannot tell youMeasuring AI Search VisibilityDocumentedA dated ledger of what Google Search Console, Bing Webmaster Tools, analytics and server logs each report about AI search, and the questions none of them answer.
Building an AI visibility report that survives scrutinyMeasuring AI Search VisibilityObservedWhat belongs in an AI visibility report, how to sample so that a change can be told apart from noise, and the comparisons to keep off the page.
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