A technical reference on AI search visibility. This site sells nothing, takes no engagements and endorses no products. Consulting enquiries are handled separately at hartzer.com.

Hartzer.it.com logoHartzer.it.comAI search visibility reference
What publishers do

Techniques and Signals

Techniques and signals are what a publisher does, or is told to do, to be cited by an AI answer. Seventeen pages cover the ones being sold hardest, and each carries a verdict on the evidence rather than on the consensus.

The pattern that repeats across this category is a real mechanism attached to an unearned promise. Retrieval genuinely works on passages rather than whole documents, so content chunking is a real thing — but no engine documents a chunk-shaped ranking factor. Structured data genuinely helps a parser, and no operator has said schema markup influences whether an answer cites you. Separating the mechanism from the promise is most of the work on these pages.

The second pattern is measurement sold as visibility. A share of voice figure needs a denominator, and none of the surfaces publish one; an AI Overview rank has no position to rank in; attribution depends on referrer headers that several products do not send. Where a number cannot mean what it is sold as meaning, the page says so plainly.

None of that makes the category worthless. Crawler access is real and checkable, answer-shaped writing is a legitimate craft with a long history in featured snippets, and entity grounding has decades of retrieval research behind it. The verdict column separates the three cases.

Techniques and Signals — evidence at a glance
PageEvidenceWhat it is
Generative Engine OptimizationUnsupportedWhat GEO claims and what the evidence supports
Answer Engine OptimizationUnsupportedWhether AEO is a discipline or a label
GEO vs AEO vs SEOUnsupportedHow the three terms relate, overlap and differ
AI Citations and Source SelectionObservedHow AI answers pick and credit their sources
Brand Mentions in AI SearchUnsupportedWhether unlinked mentions move AI answers
Schema Markup for AI SearchUnsupportedWhat structured data does and does not do
FAQ Markup and Answer ExtractionUnsupportedThe markup is dead; the writing pattern is not
Content Chunking and Passage RetrievalObservedRetrieval matches spans of text, not URLs
Entity Grounding and the Knowledge GraphUnsupportedWhether being a known entity gets you cited
E-E-A-T Signals in AI SearchUnsupportedA rater framework, carried into a silence
AI Crawler Directives and llms.txtUnsupportedWhich tokens matter, and which file nobody reads
Retrieval-Augmented GenerationDocumentedThe mechanism behind every cited AI answer
Query Fan-OutDocumentedOne question, many searches, one answer
AI Visibility TrackingObservedMeasuring whether AI answers cite or name you
AI Overview Rank TrackingUnsupportedTracking presence and citation inside AI Overviews
Share of Voice in AI SearchUnsupportedA borrowed fraction with no real denominator
AI Search Attribution and AnalyticsObservedProving an AI answer sent the visit
Every page

Techniques and Signals in full

Top